Electric motors are used everywhere in modern society and are used in a variety of applications, including powering industrial machinery to small household appliances. These devices rely on the principles of magnetism to generate motion, and magnets play a crucial role in their operation.
In this blog, we’ll explore and explain the different types of magnets used in motors and how they contribute to their performance.
Permanent Magnets
Permanent magnets are made of materials that exhibit strong magnetic properties and are capable of producing a magnetic field without the need for an external power source. They are commonly used in motors that require a constant magnetic field including motors used in electric vehicles, generators, and wind turbines.
There are two common types of permanent magnets used in motors neodymium and ferrite magnets, also known as ceramic magnets.
Neodymium magnets are often used in motors and are best known for their high strength-to-weight ratio, making them ideal to use in compact motors. Ferrite magnets are more cost-effective making them popular for low-cost motors due to their low manufacturing cost.
Electromagnets
Unlike permanent magnets, electromagnets do require an external power source to produce a magnetic field, they are made by winding a wire around a magnetic core, such as iron or steel.
When a current flows through the wire, a magnetic field is produced, which can be turned on and off by controlling the current.
Electromagnets are commonly used in motors that require a variable magnetic field, such as motors used in cranes, robotics, and electric trains. They are also used when precise control over the position of the rotor is required.
An advantage of using electromagnets in motors is that the strength of the magnet field is adjustable and can be easily adjusted by changing the current flow, allowing greater control over the speed and torque of the motor.
Summary
Magnets play a critical role in the operation of electric motors, and their performance depends largely on the type of magnet used. Permanent magnets are used in motors that require a constant magnetic field, while electromagnets are used in motors that require a variable magnetic field.
